Describe the biochemistry of biological nitrogen fixation.

Biological nitrogen fixation is the process through which nitrogen gas (N₂) from the atmosphere is converted into ammonia (NH₃), a form that plants can use for growth and development. This essential biochemical process is carried out by specific bacteria, primarily in the family Rhizobiaceae, and some cyanobacteria. Nitrogen fixation occurs in a symbiotic or free-living relationship between these microorganisms and their host plants or in isolated environments, such as aquatic ecosystems.

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