Describe the ABO and Rh blood group systems.
The ABO and Rh blood group systems are two essential components of human blood typing, based on the presence or absence of specific antigens on the surface of red blood cells. These blood group systems play a critical role in transfusion medicine, organ transplantation, and compatibility between individuals.
The ABO blood group system, first discovered by Karl Landsteiner in 1900, classifies blood into four primary groups: A, B, AB, and O. The classification is based on the presence of antigens A and B on the surface of red blood cells. Group A individuals have A antigens, group B individuals have B antigens, group AB individuals have ______ ___ _______ ________ ____ ______.
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