Describe principles of thermal remote sensing. Also discuss its application potential. Support your answer with the help of neat well labelled diagrams, wherever necessary.

Thermal remote sensing is a technique used to detect the temperature of objects and surfaces on Earth by measuring the infrared radiation (heat energy) emitted by them. This form of remote sensing uses the fact that all objects, regardless of whether they are warm or cool, emit thermal radiation as a function of their temperature. The emitted radiation is detected by sensors and can be used to create images or maps that display the spatial distribution of temperatures across a given area. Thermal remote sensing is mainly conducted using thermal infrared sensors that are sensitive to wavelengths in the thermal infrared spectrum, typically ranging from 3 to 14 micrometers.

Principles of Thermal Remote Sensing:

1. Emission of Infrared Radiation: All objects above absolute zero emit infrared radiation as a result of their temperature. The amount of radiation emitted by an object is governed by Planck’s Law, which relates the intensity of emitted radiation to the temperature of the object. Hotter objects emit more radiation at shorter wavelengths, while cooler objects emit more at longer wavelengths.

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