Describe Post-Parturs Hemorrhage under the  headings

i) Causes and Signs and Symptoms

ii) Nursing muragement and preventive of PPH

iii) Psychiatric Disorder of Parparium.

Causes and Signs and Symptoms

Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) refers to excessive bleeding after childbirth, typically defined as a blood loss of more than 500 mL following a vaginal delivery or 1000 mL after a cesarean section. The causes of PPH can be classified into four major categories:

1. Uterine atony: The most common cause, where the uterus fails to contract effectively after delivery, resulting in continued bleeding.
2. Trauma to the birth canal: Lacerations or tears in the cervix, vagina, or perineum, or surgical incisions can cause significant bleeding.
3. Retained placenta: If parts of the placenta remain inside the uterus, it can prevent the uterus from contracting properly, leading to hemorrhage.
4. Coagulation disorders: Conditions such as disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) or preexisting clotting disorders can impair normal clot formation and exacerbate bleeding.

Signs and symptoms of PPH include:
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