Describe in detail the origin, mode of occurrence and geographical distribution of petroleum in India.

Petroleum in India has been a vital source of energy for both domestic consumption and industrial use. Its origin, mode of occurrence, and geographical distribution are integral aspects of understanding the country's petroleum reserves and their exploitation.

Origin of Petroleum in India

Petroleum is believed to have originated from the remains of ancient marine organisms such as plankton, algae, and other microorganisms that accumulated in sediments over millions of years. These organic materials, under conditions of high pressure and temperature, undergo chemical transformation through a process known as "catagenesis." This process results in the formation of crude oil and natural gas. The organic matter is first converted into kerogen, and with further burial and thermal maturation, it becomes ______ ___ ___ _______ ____ ___ ____.
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