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The Calvin cycle, also known as the light-independent reactions or the dark reaction of photosynthesis, is a series of biochemical processes that occur in the stroma of chloroplasts. It plays a crucial role in the synthesis of organic molecules, specifically glucose, from carbon dioxide. The cycle consists of three main phases: carbon fixation, reduction, and regeneration of RuBP (ribulose bisphosphate). In the first phase, carbon fixation, the enzyme ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO) catalyzes the attachment of carbon dioxide to ___ ________ _____ ___ _______ ___ ______.
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