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The Nernst equation is a fundamental expression in electrochemistry that relates the cell potential of an electrochemical reaction to the concentrations of the reacting species. It is derived from the standard Gibbs free energy change and the relationship between Gibbs free energy and the electrochemical potential.

The standard Gibbs free energy change (\(\Delta G^\circ\)) and the electrochemical potential (\(E^\circ\)) are related as:

\[
\Delta G^\circ = -nFE^\circ
\]

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