Define transcription and explain its significance in molecular biology.

Transcription is the process by which an RNA molecule is synthesized from a DNA template. It is the first step in gene expression, where the genetic information encoded in the DNA is transcribed into messenger RNA (mRNA), which can then be translated into proteins. This process occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells and in the cytoplasm of prokaryotes, and is essential for cellular function, development, and the proper response to environmental signals.

The process of transcription begins with the binding of RNA polymerase to a specific region of the DNA called the promoter. The promoter contains a sequence of nucleotides that signals the beginning of a gene. Once RNA polymerase is bound to the promoter, it unwinds a small section of the DNA double helix, exposing the template strand. Using this exposed strand as a guide, ___ __________ ___ ______ ____ ____ _______ ____ _____.
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