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Quorum is the minimum number of members who must be present at a meeting before the meeting can validly conduct business and take decisions. It is an important concept in business communication and corporate administration because meetings are one of the major formal channels through which organisations discuss issues, exchange information, make decisions and communicate policies. The requirement of quorum ensures that decisions are not taken by an unreasonably small number of members and that the proceedings represent a reasonable level of participation by the concerned group. The term “quorum” refers specifically to the minimum attendance necessary for a meeting to transact business. Mere presence of members is not enough if the required minimum number has not been reached. If the prescribed quorum is absent, the meeting generally cannot proceed with substantive business. The members may wait for the required number to arrive, postpone the meeting, or take such other action as is permitted by the applicable rules, articles, bye-laws or law. Thus, quorum provides legitimacy and procedural validity to the decisions taken at a meeting. The requirement of quorum varies according to the nature of the organisation, type of meeting and applicable rules. In a company, the required quorum may be determined by company law and the organisation’s articles of association. In associations, clubs, committees and other organisations, the constitution or bye-laws may ________ __________ _________ ____ __________ _________ ________.
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