Define the term quorum and explain what constitutes a quorum. What steps should a chairman take if quorum is absent or not maintained throughout the meeting?

A quorum is the minimum number of members required to be present at a meeting to make the proceedings of that meeting legally valid and binding. It ensures that decisions made during the meeting are representative and legitimate. The specific number required to form a quorum is usually stated in the organization's rules, bylaws, or statutory regulations, and it may vary depending on the type of meeting, the organization’s size, and the nature of the business being conducted.

In the context of Office Management and Secretarial Practices, a quorum is essential for conducting formal business meetings, such as board meetings, committee meetings, or annual general meetings. Typically, a quorum is established as a percentage of the total membership or a fixed number of members who must be present in person or, in some cases, through authorized virtual means. Without a quorum, any decisions or resolutions passed during the ________ ____ ____ ________ _______ _____ ______ __________ ______ _________ __________ _________.
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