Define poverty. Discuss the causes and consequences of urban poverty.

Poverty is a multifaceted phenomenon characterized by a lack of sufficient resources to meet basic needs such as food, clothing, shelter, education, and healthcare. It manifests in various forms, including absolute poverty, where individuals lack the means to secure the most essential needs for survival, and relative poverty, where individuals' resources are significantly lower than the average in a given society. Urban poverty, a critical concern in urban planning and development, refers specifically to the poverty experienced by individuals and families living in urban areas. It is shaped by the complex interplay of economic, social, and political factors unique to city environments.

The causes of urban poverty are numerous and interconnected. Economic factors play a significant role, including the lack of access to quality jobs, underemployment, and the growth of informal employment. In many urban areas, the transition from agricultural to industrial economies has led to mass migration, as individuals and families seek better employment opportunities. However, the rapid influx of people into cities often outpaces job creation, leading to high levels of unemployment and underemployment. Moreover, globalization has altered labor markets, with many low-skilled jobs moving to countries with cheaper labor costs, leaving behind a workforce that struggles to find sustainable employment.

Social factors also contribute to urban poverty. Discrimination based on race, ethnicity, gender, and disability often limits access to ______ ______ ______ ____ ____ ___ _______ ______.
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