Define physico-chemical properties of milk. How the knowledge of physicochemical properties of milk helps in effective quality control and processing of milk to different dairy products?
Milk is a complex mixture of various constituents such as proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, minerals, vitamins, and water. The physicochemical properties of milk refer to its chemical and physical characteristics, including pH, electrical conductivity, viscosity, density, refractive index, surface tension, and turbidity. These properties play a crucial role in determining the quality and processing of milk into various dairy products.
The pH of milk is an essential physicochemical property that affects its processing and microbial growth. Milk has a pH of around 6.7, which is slightly acidic. Changes in pH can affect the solubility and stability of milk proteins, such as casein and whey proteins. A high pH can cause milk proteins to denature, resulting in the formation of clumps or curds, which can affect the texture and flavor of dairy products. On the other hand, a low pH can lead to the growth of bacteria and spoilage of ________ _______ _______ ________ ______ __________.
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