Define Osteoarthritis. Write its pathophysiology.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent degenerative joint disease that affects millions of people worldwide, especially the elderly. It is the most common form of arthritis and occurs when the protective cartilage that cushions the ends of bones within joints gradually wears down over time, leading to pain, stiffness, and reduced joint mobility. This chronic condition predominantly affects weight-bearing joints, such as knees, hips, and spine, but can also involve the hands and feet. Understanding the pathophysiology of OA is essential for developing effective treatments and managing the disease's impact on patients' lives.

Pathophysiology of Osteoarthritis:

The pathophysiology of osteoarthritis involves a complex interplay of mechanical, biochemical, and genetic factors that contribute to the breakdown of joint cartilage, remodeling of bone, and inflammation of the synovium (joint lining). Several key mechanisms drive the progression of OA:

1. Cartilage Degradation:

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