Define 'Investment Centre'. Why are investment centres established? Describe the different overall measures of effectiveness for determining the performance of investment centres and discuss their relative merits and demerits.

An Investment Centre is a division or unit within an organization where managers are responsible for making decisions regarding investment in assets, as well as controlling and generating revenues and costs. In an investment centre, managers are given the authority to make capital investment decisions and are evaluated based on the profitability and return on investment (ROI) of those investments. This contrasts with cost centres, where the focus is only on controlling costs, and profit centres, where the focus is on generating revenue while controlling costs.

Investment centres are established to allow greater decentralization and to encourage managers to take responsibility for both short-term and long-term financial decisions. These centres provide a structure where managers can make decisions that directly affect the organization's overall performance, such as acquiring assets, divesting underperforming assets, and optimizing the use of available resources. By giving them control over both operational decisions and investments, organizations aim to achieve a more efficient allocation of capital and foster entrepreneurial decision-making.

### Overall Measures of Effectiveness

1. Return on Investment (ROI): 
   ROI is one of the most widely used performance measures for investment centres. It is calculated by dividing the net profit generated by the ___ ______ ______ ______ ________ __________ _________ __________ _________ ________.
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