Define Hypertensive crisis and discuss its etiology.

A hypertensive crisis is a severe and sudden increase in blood pressure, typically with systolic pressure ≥180 mmHg and/or diastolic pressure ≥120 mmHg. It is classified into two types:

1. Hypertensive Emergency – A condition where high blood pressure leads to target organ damage, such as stroke, heart attack, kidney failure, or pulmonary edema. Immediate medical intervention with intravenous antihypertensive drugs is required.
2. Hypertensive Urgency – A severe increase in _____ __________ ______ ________ _______ _________ _________.
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