Define groundwater pollution. Describe the sources and impact of groundwater pollution.

Groundwater pollution refers to the contamination of underground water sources, such as aquifers and wells, by harmful substances. These contaminants can originate from various human and natural activities, leading to a decline in water quality, which is essential for drinking, irrigation, and industrial purposes. Groundwater is generally considered a cleaner source of water than surface water, but its susceptibility to pollution has become a significant concern due to increasing human activities.

Sources of Groundwater Pollution:

1. Agricultural Runoff: One of the primary sources of groundwater pollution is agricultural runoff, which contains pesticides, herbicides, and chemical fertilizers. These chemicals can percolate through the soil and reach underground water sources, contaminating them. The excessive use of nitrogen-based fertilizers can lead to the leaching of nitrates into groundwater, a process that significantly reduces water quality and poses health risks.

2. Industrial Activities: Factories and industrial plants are another major contributor to groundwater pollution. The improper disposal of hazardous chemicals, heavy metals, and other toxic substances ______ __________ ______ ________ _______.
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