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Genetic engineering is a branch of biotechnology that involves the direct manipulation of an organism's DNA using modern molecular biology techniques. It allows scientists to alter the genetic makeup of living organisms to achieve desirable traits or produce specific biological products. The basic principle of genetic engineering involves the identification, isolation, modification, and insertion of genes into an organism’s genome. This technology enables the addition of new traits or the modification of existing ones, which can improve the organism’s performance in various applications, such as medicine, agriculture, and industry. The process of genetic engineering starts with the identification of the gene of interest, which is responsible for a particular trait or function. This gene is isolated using restriction enzymes that cut DNA at specific sequences. Once the gene is isolated, it can be inserted into a vector – ___ __________ _____ ___ __________ ________ ______ ________.
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