Define Expert Systems. Describe in detail their structure and major components.

Expert Systems are a subset of information systems designed to mimic the decision-making capabilities of a human expert in a specific domain. They are a type of artificial intelligence (AI) application that uses knowledge and reasoning to solve complex problems and make informed decisions. Expert Systems have been employed in various fields, including medicine, finance, engineering, and more, where they provide valuable support in decision-making, problem-solving, and knowledge management.

The structure of an Expert System typically consists of several major components, each serving a specific role in the system's functioning:

1. Knowledge Base:
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