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A disaster is a serious disruption of the normal functioning of a community or society that results in widespread human, material, economic or environmental losses and impacts which exceed the ability of the affected community to cope using its own resources. Disasters may be natural, such as floods, earthquakes, cyclones, droughts and pandemics, or human-induced, such as industrial accidents, chemical spills, nuclear hazards, fires and conflicts. In the context of public health and nutrition, a disaster not only causes immediate injury and loss of life but also disrupts food systems, water supply, sanitation, healthcare services and livelihoods, thereby increasing the risk of malnutrition, communicable diseases and long-term health consequences. Disaster management refers to the organized process of planning, coordinating and implementing measures to prevent, mitigate, prepare for, respond to and recover from disasters, with the aim of minimizing their impact on human health and well-being. Several factors influence the effectiveness of disaster management. One of the most significant factors is the level of preparedness. Preparedness includes early warning systems, risk assessment, contingency planning, stockpiling of essential supplies and training of personnel. Communities with well-developed preparedness plans are better able to respond quickly and ____ __________ ___ _____ _____ ____ _____.
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