Define disability. Discuss the various models of disability.

Disability is a complex and multifaceted concept that encompasses physical, sensory, cognitive, and psychological impairments that may hinder an individual's ability to perform daily activities and participate fully in society. The definition of disability has evolved over time and varies across disciplines, cultures, and legal frameworks. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines disability as an umbrella term that includes impairments, activity limitations, and participation restrictions. Impairments refer to problems in body function or structure, activity limitations involve difficulties in executing tasks, and participation restrictions indicate challenges in involvement in life situations. Disability is not merely a medical condition but also a social construct that is shaped by environmental, cultural, and institutional factors.

In the context of the interdisciplinary course "Disability, Society, and Culture," disability is examined beyond medical diagnoses, emphasizing its socio-cultural dimensions, the lived experiences of disabled individuals, and the systemic barriers that limit inclusion. Various models of disability provide different perspectives on understanding disability, shaping policies, advocacy efforts, and societal attitudes. These models reflect historical changes in how disability has been perceived and addressed in different societies.

### Medical Model of Disability
The medical model of disability is one of the oldest and most dominant frameworks. It views disability as an individual problem that arises from biological or physiological impairments. This model conceptualizes disability as a deviation from the "normal" functioning of the body or mind, requiring medical intervention, rehabilitation, or cure. According to this perspective, doctors and healthcare professionals play a central role in diagnosing, treating, and managing disabilities.

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