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Development, from a political perspective, refers to the processes through which a state achieves not only economic growth but also social justice, equity, sustainability, and the deepening of democratic values. It is not limited to GDP growth or industrial expansion but encompasses political empowerment, participation of citizens in governance, access to rights and freedoms, and the establishment of institutions that promote accountability, transparency, and inclusion. Political development also includes state capacity, rule of law, decentralisation, and the ability to respond effectively to the needs of citizens. In the Indian context, development as a political process is deeply interwoven with the democratic character of the nation. India’s constitutional democracy, with its emphasis on equality, liberty, and justice, envisions development as a means to uplift the most marginalised sections of society. It recognises that economic policies must align with democratic ideals and that people's participation is essential to making development both meaningful and sustainable. Democratic governance, characterised by elected representation, decentralisation of power, protection of civil liberties, and active civil society engagement, plays a significant role in shaping the development trajectory of India. It influences both the process—how development is pursued—and the outcomes—who benefits and how equitably resources are distributed. The following dimensions illustrate how democratic governance influences development in India: 1. Participatory Policy-Making and Inclusiveness In a democratic system, policy-making is expected to be inclusive and participatory. Elected representatives, public debates, and media discussions contribute to shaping developmental priorities. In India, large-scale schemes like the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) and the Right _________ ____ _________ ______ ________ ______ ___ ________ ______ _____.
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