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Definition of ‘Data’ In the context of privacy and data protection, ‘data’ refers to facts, figures, statistics, recordings, and information that are collected, stored, processed, or transmitted by computers or digital systems. This can include numerical information, text, images, audio logs, behavioural records, location details, biometric identifiers (such as fingerprints), health records, financial transaction histories, login credentials, and other personal identifiers that relate to an individual or entity. Data becomes particularly sensitive when it reveals information about an individual’s identity, habits, preferences, or private life, which if misused or exposed, can result in harm, discrimination, fraud, or loss of privacy. In legal and technical frameworks, we differentiate between personal data (data relating to an identified or identifiable person) and non-personal data (information that cannot be linked to a specific individual). Data also acquires value when processed, analysed or shared, which raises concerns about consent, security, and individuals’ control over how their information is used. Current Status of Data Protection Laws in India India’s legal framework for data protection has evolved significantly over the last decade, driven by the rapid growth of digital services, increased data flows, and concerns about citizens’ privacy rights. The Supreme Court of India recognised the Right to Privacy as a fundamental right under the Constitution in *Justice KS Puttaswamy v. Union of India (2017)*, which served as a major impetus for _________ _________ __________ ______ ___ ____ _________ __________ ___.
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