Define bio refining. Discuss about the development and use of process models to predict the economic output of the considered bio refinery process.

Biorefining is the sustainable processing of biomass into a spectrum of marketable products and energy. It is analogous to a petroleum refinery, where crude oil is converted into multiple useful products, but in biorefining, renewable biomass is used as the primary input. The key objective of a biorefinery is to maximize the value derived from biomass through the efficient and integrated conversion of its various components—cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, lipids, proteins, etc.—into biofuels, bio-based chemicals, power, and heat.

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