Define ‘autonomy and agency’ vis-à-vis the tribes of India.

Recent efforts at retrieving rights over land and forest in India have been initiated through a campaign for tribal self-rule. The concern for tribal self-rule came into focus on the issue of democratic decentralization and establishment of institutions of local self-government through the panchayati raj system. The parliament of India, in 1992, passed the Panchayati Raj Act through which 484 000 elected panchayats were constitutionally recognized as local bodies of self- government. The Act was automatically extended to tribal areas.

In accordance to Article 243M of the Act, the provisions of the legislation do not apply to Scheduled and Tribal Areas. Article 243M states that Part 9 of the Constitution, which empowers the state legislatures to make laws with respect to the constitution of the Panchayat, shall not apply to scheduled Areas under the fifth and the sixth schedule of the Constitution. Scheduled Areas ___ __________ _________ __________ ________ _________ _______ ______ __________.
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