Critically examine the functionalist approach to the study of Caste.

Social stratification refers to unequal relations between individual and groups in a society. All the members of the society are a part of this arrangement of unequal social relations. Those who have occupied lower position in this order of relations have often resented their underprivileged status, whereas those who have enjoyed a privileged status have been averse to concede any change in the existing system. Social Stratification is as old as human civilization. When human moved from fishing and gathering societies to sedentary agricultural societies with surplus economy, a variety of occupations developed which were essential to the proper functioning of the society. Inevitably, these occupations began to be ranked hierarchically based on the importance of that particular occupation to a society. Therefore, in all societies three kinds of resources are valued i) power - the ability to impose one’s will on others; ii) prestige – respect from others; iii) property – wealth owned These resources are unequally distributed among individuals and groups, be it in a complex or simple society. When people are evaluated on the basis of their ascribed and achieved characteristics, a social hierarchy is formed. A hierarchy is a set of ranked statuses from highest to lowest. Because both the most and the least valued traits are likely to be relatively rare, status hierarchies tend ______ ______ ________ ___ ____.
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