Critically examine the chief characteristics of the Harappan civilization.

 The material characteristics here includes town planning, pottery, tools and implements, arts and crafts, scripts and subsistence pattern of Harappan civilization.

The material characteristics here includes town planning, pottery, tools and implements, arts and crafts, scripts and subsistence pattern of Harappan civilization.

Town Planning:

The Archaeologists, Mortimer Wheeler and Stuart Piggot believed that the Harappan towns had a remarkable unity of conception. As each town was divided into two parts, one part for rulers and other part for ruled and poors. The rulers build citadels for their glorious isolation. Towns were located on the plains of rivers, on fringes of deserts or on sea coast.

The poors were in lower city. The citadel and lower city was surrounded by wall street were from north to south in lower city and cut at right angles, a good town planning. They were using baked and unbaked bricks of standard size.

Mohanjodaro was not constructed in homogeneous manner. In Kalibangan mud bricks were used, Lothal was a rectangular settlement with the brick walls, surrounding it. Mohanjodaro showed excellent arrangement for sanitation. The waste water from houses through chutes was connected to public drains on margin of the streets.

Housing Pattern:

Average citizens seems to have lived in the blocks of houses in the lower city. Houses were of single room houses complete with courtyards and __________ _____ ___ _______ ____ _________.
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