Critically evaluate the Mughal Maratha relations.

Or

Write a note on the land revenue administration under the Mughals. 

Maratha-Mughal Relations: Through North-South Historical linkage’ is an attempt to explore the historical connection through cultural, political and economic perspectives between two main regions of Indian Sub-continent i.e. The Great Indian Plains nurtured by river Ganges and river Yamuna and The Deccan Plateau cultures where civilizations’ were cradled on the banks of River Narmada, Godavari and Krishna. These river cultures of northern and southern regions of Indian sub-continent, harnessed regional cultures’ and also through their trade routes consistently allowed people of north-south to exchange commerce and cultures. For Southern-Deccan region North remained region of pilgrim where religious fervors of Adi-Shankarashayra made way to Kashi and Shrinageri and since times of Agastya rishi, Southern Niligiri gave way to vedic and Upanishadic philosophy in Southern-Deccan parts of India, the mythological sacred tales of Ganesha and Murugan gave base to Ashtavinyaka and Mugudi hill pilgrimage in South-Deccan India, similarly, Shiva and Vishnu were worshipped through Lingyata and Vithala forms in Deccan. The South-Deccan connects to North remains in cultural and commercial paths. If Ganga flows in northern Indian plains then Dakshin Ganga or Godavari flows and nourishes people in Deccan and South. With these historical-political and geographical inter-links, north and south always exchanged their cultural, religious and commercial pathways and practices.

When Allauddin Khalji in 1307 invaded Devgiri north-south (Deccan) political linkages became even more vivid. This north-South linkages through Deccan hills of Vindhyas and Satpuda gave way to an exclusive culture of Marathas, Kannadas and Telugus, Ferishta in his text ‘Tarikh-I-Fehrishta’, beautifully explains about Deccan and its Socio-political form. After Khalji’s it was Muhammad-Bin-Tughlaq who made Devgiri its capital town and brought entire Delhi in renamed city of Devgiri to Daulatabad. Since then, we see that the cultural conflict and assimilative tendencies continued to grow between north and south/Deccan. Mughals under Akbar’s regime gained entry in Deccan. It was during Akbar’s conquest of Malwa (1561) and Gujarat (1573) and with his attempts in Khandesh and Nizamshahi areas that he not only ___ ____ ____ _________ _______ _______ ____ ______ _________.
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