Critically evaluate the territorial expansion of Mughals with reference to Western and Eastern India. 

Early expansion of the Empire (c. 1560- 1576 CE)

Akbar conquered northern India from Agra to Gujarat and then from Agra to Bengal. He strengthened the north-western frontier. Later, he went to the Deccan.

Conquest of Gwalior, Malwa and Gondwana

The first expedition was sent to capture Gwalior (c. 1559-1560 CE) before moving towards Malwa.

Adham Khan, son of Akbar’s foster mother, Maham Anaga defeated the ruler of Malwa, Baz Bahadur (c. 1561 CE). Due to the senseless cruelties of Adham Khan and his successor, there was a reaction against the Mughals which enabled Baz Bahadur to recover Malwa. After successfully dealing with a number of rebellions, Akbar sent another expedition to Malwa. Baz Bahadur had to flee and he took shelter under the Rana of Mewar. Later he moved from one place to another and finally surrendered at Akbar’s court and was appointed as a Mughal mansabdar. Thus, Malwa came under the Mughal rule.

The kingdom of Garh-Katanga (Gondwana) included the Narmada Valley and the northern parts of present-day Madhya Pradesh. The kingdom consisted of a number of Gond and Rajput principalities. It was ruled by Durgavati, the Chandella princess from Mahoba and the widow of Dalpat Shah, son of Sangram Shah. She ruled the kingdom with great vigour and courage. Meanwhile, the cupidity of Asaf Khan, the Mughal governor of Allahabad was aroused by the stories of the splendid wealth and beauty of Rani Durgavati. In c.1564 CE, he attacked Gondwana; Rani Durgavati fought bravely but lost the battle. She stabbed herself to death and Gondwana was captured by Asaf Khan. Akbar later restored the kingdom of Garh-Katanga to Chandra Shah, the younger son of Sangram ______ __________ ________ _______ _____ ____ ______.
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