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The concept of Vavilov’s Centres of Origin occupies a foundational place in sustainability science because it links agricultural biodiversity, evolutionary biology, and long-term food security within a single explanatory framework. Nikolai Ivanovich Vavilov proposed that the greatest genetic diversity of a cultivated plant is found in the geographical region where it was first domesticated. These centres, identified through extensive field expeditions and comparative studies of crops and their wild relatives, illuminate patterns of genetic diversity and provide crucial insights into the evolutionary trajectories of cultivated plant species. A critical assessment of their significance reveals both their enduring value and their limitations in light of contemporary scientific advances. One of the most important contributions of Vavilov’s Centres of Origin is their role in explaining the spatial distribution of genetic diversity. Regions such as the Fertile Crescent, Mesoamerica, the Andean region, and parts of South and East Asia were identified as hotspots where crops like wheat, maize, potato, and rice exhibit remarkable variation. This diversity reflects long periods of natural selection, human selection, and ___ ___ _______ _________ _________ _____ _____ _________ _________.
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