Craniofacial features of Neanderthal
The craniofacial features of Neanderthals (Homo neanderthalensis) provide significant insights into the evolutionary adaptations and distinctions of this extinct human species. Neanderthals, who lived in Europe and parts of western Asia from approximately 400,000 to 40,000 years ago, exhibited a distinctive craniofacial morphology that differentiated them from both modern humans (Homo sapiens) and other hominins.
Cranial Structure:
Neanderthals had a robust and heavily built cranial structure. Their skulls were elongated and low, with a prominent brow ridge (supraorbital torus) that protruded significantly over the eyes. This brow ridge was more pronounced than in modern humans and served to reinforce the skull against mechanical stress. The ________ ______ _____ ________ ________ _________ _____.
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