How is the solubility of a gas affected by different factors? Explain.

How will you carry out the following conversions? 

i) 2- Chlorobutane to 2-Methylbutanoic acid.

ii) 1- Bromobutane to Pentanoic acid.

Discuss the protection and deprotection of amino group of an amino acid by Cbz and Boc groups.

What is diazo coupling? Write the reaction for the preparation of Congo red dye using this reaction.

Condensed systems

Concentration cells

Differentiate between conductivity and molar conductivity of a solution.