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In psychological research, statistical methods are essential for summarizing data and understanding variability among observations. Measures of dispersion such as range, average deviation, quartile deviation, and standard deviation help psychologists understand how scores are spread around a central value. Range represents the simplest measure of variability and is calculated as the difference between the highest and lowest values in a dataset. Mathematically, Range = Maximum value – Minimum value. ([PubHTML5][1]) The given data are 45, 40, 37, 41, 50, 54, 54, 55, 57, and 59. First, arranging the data in ascending order gives: 37, 40, 41, 45, 50, 54, 54, 55, 57, 59. The maximum value is 59 and the minimum value is 37. Therefore, Range = 59 – 37 = 22. In psychological testing, range gives a quick understanding of score spread, but it is highly affected by extreme scores and does not represent the distribution of all data points. Next, average deviation (mean deviation) measures the average distance of each score from the mean of the dataset. Mean deviation about the mean is calculated using the formula: MD = Σ|Xi – Mean| / N. ([PubHTML5][1]) First, the mean must be calculated. The sum of all values is 492 and total number of observations ________ _________ ____ ____ _______ ___ ____.
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