Word Count : 278

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The metabolic oxidation of glucose and fatty acids differs significantly in terms of energetics and pathway. Glucose oxidation involves glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation, producing a net of approximately 30–32 ATP molecules per molecule of glucose. The initial steps of glycolysis consume ATP, but subsequent reactions release energy through substrate-level phosphorylation and NADH/FADH₂-mediated electron transport. Fatty acids, on the other hand, undergo β-oxidation, where long-chain acyl-CoA ____ ____ __________ ________ _________ __________ _____ ______ ________ _______ ____ ____.
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