Compare between Nyaya and Buddhist definitions of Perception

Perspectives on Perception

Most classical Indian philosophical schools accept perception as the primary means of knowledge, but differ on the nature, kinds and objects of perceptual knowledge. Here we first survey Buddhist and orthodox Hindu schools’ definitions of perception (excluding Vaiśeṣika and Yoga schools since they simply take on board Nyāya and Sāṃkhya ideas, respectively) and note the issues raised by these definitions. As mentioned above, the orthodox schools generally accept both non-conceptualized (indeterminate) and conceptualized (determinate) perceptual states in sharp contrast to the Buddhist view that perception is always non-conceptualized or indeterminate awareness.

2.1 Buddhist nominalism

The oldest preserved definition of perception in the Buddhist tradition is the one by Vasubandhu (c. 4th century CE), “Perception is a cognition [that arises] from that object [which is represented therein]” (Frauwallner, 1957, p. 120). However, the more influential and much discussed view is that of later Buddhist Yogācāra philosopher Diṅnāga (c. 480–540 CE) for whom perception is simply a cognition “devoid of conceptual construction (kalpanāpodhaṃ)”. Taber (2005, p. 8) notes two ________ _________ ___ __________ ________ ___ ____ ___ _____ ______ ____.
________ _____ ________ ____ ______ _________.
___ _______ ____ ______ _________ ____ __________.
__________ _______ _______ __________ ________ ___ __________ _____ ___ ____ ___.
_____ _________ _____ _______ _______ ___ _________ _____ _________ _______ ________.
_______ ______ __________ ____ ______ ________ _____.
______ ____ __________ ____ ____ ________ _______ ____.
__________ _______ ______ ______ ________ ____ _______ _____ __________ ____ ______.
_____ _______ ____ _________ _________ ______ __________.
________ _____ __________ ____ ________ ____ ______ _______ ________ ______ _____.
_____ _____ ________ _____ ________.
_______ __________ _______ ________ _________.
__________ ______ _________ ____ _____ ____ ________ _______.
____ ________ ______ ______ _____ ______ ____ _________ _________ ___.
______ _______ ______ _______ _________ _________ __________ _____ ___ ______.
_____ _____ ______ ____ _________.
_________ ____ _______ ________ ________ __________.
__________ ___ _____ _________ _________ ______ ____.
__________ ________ _____ _______ ______ _________ ________ _____ ________ _______.
______ ____ ___ ___ ________ _______ _______.
______ __________ _____ ______ ____ ___ ________.
_______ _____ ________ ___ _____ __________.
_______ __________ __________ ___ _____ _____ _____ _______ ______ ________ ____.
____ __________ _____ ____ ___ _______ _________.
____ ________ _____ ______ __________ __________ ________ _____.
_____ ____ _________ ________ ___ ____ ________ _______ ______ ______.
______ _____ _____ ____ _______ ___ _______.
______ _______ _____ ________ ____ ______ ________ _________ ____ __________.
_________ ____ _____ _________ ________ ___ __________ ____ _________.
________ ______ __________ ______ ____ _______ __________.
_________ ___ _________ _________ ___ ___ ___ _________ ____.
______ ___ __________ _____ _______ _______ ________ ________ _______ _______ ___.
__________ ___ __________ ______ ________.
_________ _________ ____ _____ _______ ________ _____.
___ __________ _________ ___ _______ ________ ______ _____ _____.
_______ _____ _______ __________ _________ ______ ___ ____ ________.
________ ____ __________ ________ ______ ____ ____ __________ ____.
_____ ____ ______ _______ ____ _______ ____ ___ ________.
__________ _________ _________ ____ ____ ______ ______.
______ __________ ________ ____ _________ ____ ___ __________.
___ ____ _________ ________ ________ _____ __________.
_________ ____ __________ _______ ________ __________.
________ ___ ______ ________ _________ ________ ___ __________.
____ __________ ___ __________ _______ ___ _____ ______ _________ _______.
___ _____ _______ _____ _____ _____ _________ ________ ______ ________ _________ ________.
_____ ___ ______ _______ _______ ______ _________.
________ ______ ____ ________ ________ ___ ___ ___ __________ _____.
____ ___ ________ _______ _____.
____ ___ _________ _____ _______ __________ ________ ______ ____ ______ _______.
_________ ________ __________ ___ _________.
___ _________ _____ ________ ______.
______ _______ _______ ___ ________ ______.
____ ________ _______ _________ ___ ________ _____ _________ __________.
______ _______ __________ _____ ___ _________.
________ ______ _________ _____ _________ ______ ___ ________ ______ __________ ___.
_____ _________ ________ ____ _______ __________.
_________ ________ ________ _____ ______ ___ _____ ______ ________.
_____ _____ ___ __________ _________ __________ ______ ________ _________ _____ ___.
_______ ______ ___ ______ ________ ______ __________ _________ __________ _____ ______ ___.
_______ _________ ______ _____ _______ _______ _______ __________ __________ ____.
_______ ___ ___ ______ ____ _______.
__________ _________ _______ _____ ______ _____ __________ _____ __________ __________.
_____ ______ _____ ______ ____ _______.
________ __________ _______ ____ ______ ______.
________ _________ ________ ___ _____ _____ ____.
__________ ____ ____ _________ _____ _____ __________ __________.
_________ ____ ________ ____ ___ ______ _________ __________ __________ ____.
___ __________ _______ _____ ___ _______ _______ _____ ______ ______.
__________ ___ ___ ___ ___ _______ ______ ______ _____ ______.
______ ____ ________ ______ _______ _________ _____ ____.
________ _______ ___ ______ _______ _________ ________ ____ _________ _____ _____.
______ _______ ________ ______ ___ _________ _________ ______.
_________ _________ _________ _________ ___ _____ ____ ______ ___ _______ __________.
____ _______ ______ ___ ____ ________ ______ ___.
________ ____ _____ ____ _______ ___ ________ ______.
_______ _____ ___ ___ ________ _______ _____ _____ _________ ________ ___ __________.
____ ______ ________ ______ _______ __________ ______.
________ __________ _________ __________ _______ ____ _______ ____ ___ ______ _____ ________.
_______ _______ ____ ________ ________.
____ _________ _______ ____ _______ _______.
__________ ______ ______ ________ _______ __________ ______ _________.
________ _________ ________ ___ ________ _____ _______ __________.
_______ ________ ______ ____ _______ _____ _________ __________.
________ ________ ________ _______ ________ ___ ______ ____ ____ __________ _________.
_____ ____ ________ _____ _______ _________.
__________ ______ __________ __________ ______ ____ __________.
___ ________ _________ _____ ____ ______ _____ __________ ___.
________ __________ _________ __________ ___ ________ _________ _______.
____ ______ _________ ___ _____ _________ ____ ____ ___ _______ ____ ____.
____ ___ ____ ____ _____ ______ ___ __________ _________.
________ ___ ___ ______ ______ _____ _______ ___ ________ ____ _________ _________.
__________ __________ ____ _____ ____ ________ ________ _____ _____ ___ ____ ________.
_______ __________ ___ ____ ____ ___.
____ ___ ___ _____ ___ ________ ____ _______ ________ ___.
_________ ___ _________ _______ __________.
____ ___ __________ ____ ____ ______ _____ _______.
______ ____ _______ __________ ____ ______ _________ __________ __________ _________ _______ _______.
____ __________ __________ _____ _____ ______ _____ __________ ________ _______.
___ ____ ____ _____ _____ _________ ________ ________ ___.
______ ________ ____ ____ _________ _______ ____ ________ _________.
_________ __________ ___ ____ ________ _____ _______.
____ _________.
Get Full Answer on WhatsApp