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The question of tribal development and integration has occupied a central place in Indian sociology and public policy. Among the most influential thinkers on this subject are Verrier Elwin and G.S. Ghurye, whose contrasting perspectives shaped academic debates as well as state policies toward tribal communities. While Elwin emphasized cultural preservation and protection of tribal identity, Ghurye advocated integration of tribes into the broader Hindu social order and national mainstream. Their differing viewpoints reflect contrasting assumptions about culture, social change, nationalism, and development. Verrier Elwin, an anthropologist and social reformer, devoted much of his life to studying tribal communities in Central and North-East India. He believed that tribal societies possessed unique cultural traditions, social institutions, ecological knowledge, and moral values that deserved ______ _______ _________ __________ _______ __________ ______ ___ ______ ________ _____ __________.
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