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Health services constitute a crucial component of the social sector, as they determine the overall well-being, productivity, and social development of populations. In the economics of the social sector, health services are seen not merely as individual goods but as public and merit goods, producing positive externalities. Their structure is complex and multifaceted, encompassing preventive, promotive, curative, and rehabilitative dimensions. Characterising the basic features of health services involves understanding their unique economic and social nature, as well as distinguishing between healthcare and medical care, which though related, are not identical concepts. One of the foremost features of health services is their public good aspect. While certain components like private consultations or surgeries may resemble private goods, broader health services such as immunisation campaigns, sanitation, vector control, and epidemic prevention are non-excludable and non-rivalrous, creating widespread social benefits. This makes state intervention essential, as markets alone fail to provide these services adequately due to the problem of free riding. Secondly, health services exhibit merit good characteristics, meaning they are desirable for society irrespective of an individual’s willingness or ability to pay. For example, maternal care, child immunisation, and nutrition programs benefit not only individuals but also contribute to societal development by reducing morbidity and mortality. Another feature is the ________ _______ _________ _____ ___ ______ __________ ___ ___ _____.
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