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The graph $$ C_4 \times S_4 $$ is the **Cartesian product** of the cycle graph $$ C_4 $$ (a cycle with 4 vertices) and the star graph $$ S_4 $$ (a central vertex connected to 4 outer vertices). *** ## Step 1: Understand the Components - $$C_4$$: A cycle with 4 vertices connected in a closed loop: Vertices: $$ \{c_1, c_2, c_3, c_4\} $$ Edges: $$ (c_1, c_2), (c_2, c_3), (c_3, c_4), (c_4, c_1) $$ - $$S_4$$: A star graph with 5 vertices (1 center $$s_0$$ connected to 4 leaves $$s_1,s_2,s_3,s_4$$): Vertices: $$ \{s_0, s_1, s_2, s_3, s_4\} $$ Edges: _____ _____ _________ ________ _______ __________.
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