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Environmental legislations are legal instruments enacted to protect, conserve, and improve the quality of the environment while ensuring sustainable development. In India, environmental laws have evolved significantly after the Stockholm Conference of 1972 and have been strengthened through constitutional provisions, judicial interpretations, and international commitments. The Constitution of India provides the foundation for environmental protection. Article 48A, inserted through the 42nd Constitutional Amendment, directs the State to protect and improve the environment and safeguard forests and wildlife. Article 51A(g) makes it a fundamental duty of every citizen to protect the natural environment, including forests, lakes, rivers, wildlife, and to have compassion for living creatures. Article 21, interpreted by the Supreme Court, recognizes the right to a clean and healthy environment ____ _________ _____ ______ _________ ________ _______ ______ ____ ___.
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