Briefly discuss the models of accident causation. Which model do

Question

Briefly discuss the models of accident causation. Which model do you believe
offers the most effective framework for understanding accidents? Justify your
reasoning and identify any assumptions you might have about your choice.

07 Aug 2026

Answer :

Word Count : 545

Accident causation models explain how accidents occur by identifying the relationship between hazards, human actions, organizational factors, and environmental conditions. Some important models are:

### 1. Domino Theory Model (H.W. Heinrich)

Heinrich’s Domino Theory explains accidents as a sequence of five events, similar to falling dominoes:

1. Social environment and background
2. Human error or unsafe behaviour
3. Unsafe act or unsafe condition
4. Accident occurrence
5. Injury or damage

According to this model, removing one domino (especially unsafe acts) can prevent the accident chain. It highlights the importance of controlling human behaviour.

### 2. Swiss Cheese Model (James Reason)

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