Briefly describe key features of various phases of urban policies in India.

Urban planning and development in India have undergone various phases, each marked by distinct features and priorities. From the pre-independence era to the present day, the evolution of urban policies reflects changes in governance structures, economic priorities, and social needs. Here, I'll delve into the key features of each phase:

1. Pre-independence era (Before 1947):
   - Colonial Influence: Urban planning during this period was largely influenced by British colonial policies, aimed at serving the interests of the colonial administration and facilitating trade and commerce.
   - Limited Scope: Urban development was primarily focused on port cities, administrative centers, and areas of strategic importance for the British Empire.
   - Elitist Approach: Planning initiatives were elitist in nature, catering __________ ___ _________ ___ ______ _________ ____ __________ _______ _____.
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