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Anthropometry is concerned with the measurement of the human body and its different parts. In physical anthropology, accurate measurement of body dimensions is essential for studying human growth, development, biological variation, body proportions, sexual dimorphism, population differences and nutritional status. Among the most commonly used anthropometric instruments are the anthropometer, spreading calipers and sliding calipers. These instruments differ in their construction, range of measurement and the type of body dimension for which they are used. An anthropometer is a long, graduated measuring instrument used primarily for taking measurements of the vertical dimensions of the human body. It generally consists of a metal rod or series of rods that can be joined together, with a graduated scale and one or two movable branches. The instrument is usually capable of measuring large dimensions, such as standing height, sitting height and other vertical distances between anatomical landmarks. The anthropometer is designed to permit measurements while the subject is standing or sitting in a standardized anatomical position. The anthropometer may be regarded as a specialized anthropometric rod. It is generally divided into sections to make it convenient for transportation and storage. The graduated rod has a movable crosspiece or sliding arm that can be positioned at the required anatomical landmark. In taking standing height, for example, the subject stands erect on a level surface, with the _________ ___ _______ ______ ____ __________ ______ _________ ______ ___ __________.
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