Briefly comment on the following:
a) “Distribution, marketing and manufacturing cannot be viewed as separate activities within the business, particularly at the strategic level”.
b) "The world economic situation and the world trade are very closely related".
c) “The most critical component in warehousing is People”.
d) “Indian shipping policy measures are aimed at the development of shipping fleet so as to attain self-reliance”.

(a) A distribution channel is a chain of businesses or intermediaries through which a good or service passes until it reaches the final buyer or the end consumer. Distribution channels can include wholesalers, retailers, distributors, and even the internet.

Distribution channels are part of the downstream process, answering the question "How do we get our product to the consumer?" This is in contrast to the upstream process, also known as the supply chain.A distribution channel is a path by which all goods and services must travel to arrive at the intended consumer. Conversely, it also describes the pathway payments make from the end consumer to the original vendor. Distribution channels can be short or long, and depend on the number of intermediaries required to deliver a product or service.Channels are broken into two different forms—direct and indirect. A direct channel allows the consumer to make purchases from the manufacturer while an indirect channel allows the consumer to buy the goods from a wholesaler or retailer. Indirect channels are typical for goods that are sold in traditional brick-and-mortar stores.

Generally, if there are more intermediaries involved in the distribution channel, the price for a good may increase. Conversely, a direct or short channel may mean lower costs for consumers because they are buying directly from the manufacturer.

(b) 

The world economic situation and the world trade are very closely related and consequently whatever developments, whether positive or negative, take place in the former have a direct impact on the latter. Hence, with the changing economic trends, it is very likely that the movement of trade will also be affected. This results in the creation of cyclical fluctuation in the demand and supply for ____ __________ __________ ___ _______.
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