Bottom-up and Top-down approach for analysis of text

The concepts of bottom-up and top-down analysis are taken from compiler technology, where both are well established techniques for parsing of programming languages.

In bottom-up parsing one first recognizes objects represented by smaller portions of text, identifies their syntactic classes, and then one combines results obtained for smaller objects to identify bigger objects composed of those smaller objects; so one proceeds until the whole text (a compilation unit) is recognized as some kind of language entity.

In top-down approach one has an idea about what the object is going to be like before one proceeds to parse it, e.g., knows that the whole text is a program. Then, after some analysis one can ______ _____ ________ _____ __________.
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