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The institutional mechanisms of Centre-State relations in India are a crucial component of its federal structure. The Indian Constitution establishes a quasi-federal framework that balances unity with diversity, enabling both the Union and the States to function within their respective domains. The Centre-State relations can broadly be categorized into three dimensions: legislative, administrative, and financial. Over the years, several constitutional provisions, commissions, judicial pronouncements, and intergovernmental bodies have shaped these mechanisms to ensure cooperative federalism, resolve conflicts, and promote balanced development. Legislative Relations The legislative relations between the Centre and the States are outlined in Articles 245 to 255 of the Constitution. The Seventh Schedule provides for three lists: Union, State, and Concurrent, enumerating the subjects on which each level of government can legislate. * Union List: Contains 97 (now 100) subjects of national importance such as defence, foreign affairs, atomic energy, etc., over which only Parliament can legislate. * State List: Contains 66 (now 61) subjects of local or state interest such as police, public health, agriculture, etc., on which state legislatures can legislate. * Concurrent List: Contains 47 (now 52) subjects like education, forest, marriage, etc., where both the Centre __________ _____ __________ _______ _________ _________ ________ _________ _______ ____.
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