Analyse the various approaches to the study of early medieval polity.

Historians have largely characterised early mediaeval India as a dark period in Indian history

marked by political fragmentation and a decline in culture. As a result of this

characterization, this time period has been largely ignored in historical research. In the last

few decades, new research has unearthed many important and fascinating aspects of this

time period. Fresh studies have helped to dispel the idea of a 'dark age' associated with this

time period. Even the lack of political unity that was considered a negative attribute by

earlier scholars is now seen as the factor that allowed for the development of rich regional

cultures during the mediaeval period. Hypotheses about the early mediaeval period have

been divided into two broad categories based on two sets of assumptions. Assumptions such

as this one assume that the traditional political system is essentially immutable According to

this hypothesis, early mediaeval India's polity was described as "traditional" or as "Oriental

despotic" by historians (originally derived from Marx) According to Hermann Kulke,

"Occidental prejudice against an alleged oriental despotism" influenced Marx's model of

oriental despotism

Recent works on this era also assume that the Indian political system has the potential to

change, rather than the previous assumption that it is immutable. The "imperial model" or

"centralised state model" is perhaps the first type of model that assumes change. Changing

dynasties and expanding the empire's territory were seen by historians who adhered to the

imperial model, according to this interpretation. Because of this, it was considered a

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