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Climate change is not only an environmental crisis but also a social one, disproportionately affecting marginalized communities. Among the most vulnerable groups, women and children face heightened risks due to existing structural inequalities, socio-economic limitations, and biological factors. The impacts of climate change on women and children are multidimensional, encompassing health, livelihoods, education, security, and social dynamics. Understanding these effects is critical for shaping inclusive climate policies that address justice, equity, and resilience within societies. The vulnerability of women to climate change is closely linked to their roles in household management, agricultural labor, and caregiving responsibilities. In many developing societies, women are primarily responsible for securing food, water, and fuel for their families. Climate change-induced droughts, desertification, and erratic rainfall increase the time and energy women must spend on these tasks. This not only adds to their physical burden but also reduces their ability to pursue education, paid work, or political participation. For example, in regions of Africa and South Asia, water scarcity has forced women to travel long distances to fetch water, exposing them to risks of violence, health hazards, and economic exclusion. Agriculture, which is highly climate-sensitive, is another sector where women face disproportionate challenges. Women farmers often rely on small-scale, subsistence farming, with limited access to modern technology, credit, and land rights. Climate shocks such as floods, heatwaves, and changing growing seasons reduce crop yields, pushing women farmers further into poverty. Since they often lack decision-making power in resource allocation, women are unable to adapt effectively to these challenges. In patriarchal settings, male migration in search of alternative livelihoods often leaves women behind with increased responsibilities but without adequate resources or authority, deepening their vulnerability. Climate change also intensifies health risks for women. Pregnant women are particularly vulnerable to heat stress, malnutrition, and vector-borne diseases like malaria and dengue, which are expected to spread due to rising global temperatures. Poor access to healthcare in many rural or marginalized areas compounds these risks. In disaster situations such as cyclones, floods, or droughts, women’s health needs, ________ ___ _________ ___ _____ ___ ______ ______ ____ ________ ___ _________.
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