Analyse the debate among scholars for understanding the nature of 18^th century polity

The early historiography of decline of Mughal Empire focused on the administrative and religious policies of individual rulers and their nobles.  Both the British administrator-scholars and the Indian nationalist historians of the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries assessed the empire  in terms of the character of the ruling elite. In the works of Jadunath Sarkar the spotlight remained on Aurangzeb, the emperor who oversaw the  imperial downfall. His religious policy, in particular, and later his Deccan campaigns were identified as the chief cause for the decline of Mughal  Empire. Sarkar characterized the peasant rebellions that ultimately destroyed Mughal political stability as a ‘Hindu reaction’ to Aurangzeb’s Muslim orthodoxy.

The Eighteenth-Century India emerged as a politically chaotic and economically crisis-prone period. A different approach was adopted by  scholars from the late 1950s, those who largely conformity with the Marxist framework began to provide explanations of Mughal decline in  materialist terms.‘Jagirdari Crisis’ of the eighteenth century developed by Satish Chandra in which held the structural flaws in the working of the  Mughal institutions of jagir and manasab responsible for the fiscal crisis of thelate seventeenth century. Jagirdari Crisis of the eighteenth  century has been defined by Satish Chndra in the following words: “The available _____ _________ ____ ______ ___ ________.
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