An atomic system consisting of two energy levels, with population of higher energy level less than that of the lower level, is in thermal equilibrium. Show that the absorption of radiation dominates stimulated emission if radiation of appropriate frequency is introduced into the system. Comment on the consequences of this fact for laser action.

To understand why absorption of radiation dominates stimulated emission in an atomic system in thermal equilibrium, let's delve into the principles of statistical mechanics and quantum optics.

1. Thermal Equilibrium: In thermal equilibrium, the population of energy levels follows the Boltzmann distribution, which states that the ratio of the population of any two energy levels is given by the exponential of the negative energy difference divided by the product of the Boltzmann constant and the temperature of the system.

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