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Social engineering is one of the most critical vulnerabilities in the domain of cyber security, as it exploits the human element rather than technical weaknesses in systems. The statement that “all the security measures that the organization adopts go in vain when employees get social engineered by strangers” carries significant truth, as even the most sophisticated technological defenses—firewalls, intrusion detection systems, encryption, and secure authentication protocols—can be circumvented if an employee unknowingly provides sensitive information to a malicious actor. Social engineering attacks manipulate human psychology, leveraging trust, fear, urgency, curiosity, or authority to extract confidential information, credentials, or access. No matter how advanced the IT infrastructure, if employees are deceived, attackers can bypass these systems without triggering alarms, making organizations highly vulnerable. One of the common methods of social engineering is phishing, where attackers send emails, messages, or links designed to appear legitimate, prompting employees to disclose passwords, financial information, or personal data. Spear phishing, a more targeted form, tailors messages specifically to individuals, often referencing internal projects, colleagues, or recent events to build credibility. Pretexting is another method, where the attacker fabricates a scenario requiring sensitive information, for example, posing as a technical support agent or a senior executive. Additionally, baiting uses enticing offers such as free software, gifts, or downloads that, when accessed, can install malware or capture credentials. Tailgating or piggybacking, which involve physically following an authorized employee into restricted areas, can also _______ _____ __________ _______ ________.
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