A vertical single and double slits and illuminated by a point source. Discuss the salient features of their Fraunhofer diffraction patterns. Also, obtain an expression for intensity distribution in case of double slit.

In the study of wave optics, the diffraction of light is a fundamental phenomenon where light waves bend around obstacles or pass through small openings, resulting in the spread of light in regions where it would otherwise be absent. The Fraunhofer diffraction patterns arise when the light source and the observation screen are effectively at infinite distances from the diffraction slits, or when parallel rays are incident on the slits. This condition can be achieved experimentally by using a lens to focus light onto the slits.

Single Slit Diffraction Pattern

Consider a vertical single slit illuminated by a point source of light. The diffraction pattern produced on a screen placed far from the slit (in the Fraunhofer approximation) consists of a central maximum, flanked by a series of minima and maxima on both sides. The central maximum is the brightest and widest, while the secondary maxima become progressively dimmer and narrower.

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